It would seem that if you install a heating boiler, switch the circuit to the pool, it will work and heat the fish. But this scheme will not be effective for one simple reason - scale. The water in the heating circuit must be distilled so that the heat exchanger does not become overgrown with salt deposits. Moreover, magnetic filters are installed to prevent rust. That's a lot of wisdom. A boiler would also be a bad solution. The fact is that there are a lot of microbes in the pool, and at a temperature of 55 - 60 ºС, many of them will not die, and nowadays indirect heating is expensive. And if you look at the price of factory-made bathing devices, you immediately want to assemble a pool water heater with your own hands.
Basic Rules
Heating of water in an outdoor pool must be organized in accordance with certain rules:
maintaining temperature within certain limits;- the use of devices or equipment that receive thermal energy from external sources or are built into the circulation system;
- heating equipment should not change the composition of the water or allow contaminants or harmful components to enter it.
First of all, it is necessary to ensure a comfortable water temperature.
Different conditions are preferred for different age groups:
- for adults, 23-26° is enough;
- children aged 7 years and older - approximately 29-30°;
- For children under 7 years of age, heating to 32° is desirable.
Fuel water heater
A fairly effective way is to heat water using a fuel heater. Most often, such devices operate on gas or oil, although there are also solid fuel types of boilers. Working with them is more difficult because it will be necessary to re-equip some systems. Typically, such water heaters are used in regions where there is no main gas supply and there is no other way to heat the pool.
When installing such a water heater, you will need to go through a large number of processes: obtain permits for the device, install a fire safety system, constantly monitor the fuel supply, build a chimney. As a result, such re-equipment can reduce the cost of money, but not many people are willing to spend a large amount of their own effort and time on this.
Does it matter?
Heating water is a physical process that occurs under certain conditions. They can promote or hinder the heating of water, since the transfer of thermal energy is always interconnected with all surrounding objects or factors.
Planning for the creation of a heating system must be done taking into account the characteristics of the pool and its specific properties.
Bowl type
The type and design of the bowl can affect the heating mode in a very direct way. For example, the depth of the pool determines the effectiveness of heating using solar rays.
In addition, if the pool is deep, then the volume of water that needs to be heated increases. For this, more thermal energy is consumed, i.e. a higher power heater is required.
There are conventional and frost-resistant pool designs.
The former must be drained and stored indoors at the end of the swimming season (most often such models are bought for a summer residence), the latter can be left filled with water for the winter.
The walls of the bowl in frost-resistant species are more durable, assembled from several layers. They are able to resist the effects of low temperatures and frosty expansion of water.
Frost-resistant bowls retain thermal energy better, which makes it possible to reduce the power of heaters.
Manufacturer
The heating method does not depend on the manufacturer (be it Intex, Bestway or any other company), since in any case there is a certain volume of water. Only the enclosure of the bowl changes, which practically does not affect the temperature inside.
Important points when choosing a pump
When choosing a suitable heat pump, you should focus not only on its power. Other factors are also important. For example, these are the dimensions of a pump that resembles a large metal box.
The installation location is usually chosen in advance; you should make sure that the selected model will fit freely there, while leaving enough space for the person who will install and maintain the device.
The smaller the difference between the air temperature outside and the water temperature in the pool, the more effective the use of a heat pump will be, and the higher its performance.
The automatic control of some models allows you to change the operation of the pump, taking into account not only the outside temperature, but also the rate of cooling of the water in the pool, as well as the ability of the building (if we are talking about an indoor pool) to retain heat.
During operation, the heat pump vibrates and makes noise. The less noise on the site, the better. Before purchasing, you should find a way to evaluate the noise level that different heat pump models produce.
The cost of the unit can be significantly affected by the presence of an automatic control unit. If funds allow, you should not refuse this modern and convenient addition. Firstly, automation increases comfort when using the equipment, since you do not have to constantly be distracted to turn it on, adjust, turn it off, etc.
The automatic control system of modern heat pumps facilitates the operation of the device, increases its efficiency and extends its service life
Secondly, operating the device in automatic mode significantly increases its service life, i.e. lifetime. But breakdowns are still possible. Having correctly completed warranty documents for the device will help to minimize problems associated with the operation of the heat pump.
However, having an official form with a stamp is not enough. Sometimes sellers modestly keep silent about the fact that warranty repairs are carried out only by a specialized enterprise, which is located a hundred kilometers from the installation site of the equipment.
It also happened that the device had to be sent abroad for repair. Such warranty service is extremely inconvenient, since it takes the owner months of time.
Craftsmen who are comfortable with simple repairs of household appliances should study in advance the device features of the selected model and access to spare parts. If the necessary parts are not available somewhere nearby, you will have to special order them, pay for long delivery times, etc. prudence will help avoid such problems.
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Specifics of choosing a heat pump for a swimming pool
Accounting for the volume of heated water
Standard heat pump capabilities
Control and monitoring devices
If the cost of a factory-made heat pump seems sky-high, you can assemble it yourself. How a unit is constructed from practically waste raw materials is described in the article we recommend.
How to quickly heat it up outside?
Many years of use of frame pools contributed to the development of several methods of heating water. Let's look at the most effective of them.
Sun blanket
The sun cover is a special accessory for a frame pool. It is a kind of awning with a cellular multilayer structure that covers the surface of the water.
The bedspread has a dual function:
- During the day, it receives solar heat and transfers it to water. The temperature rise occurs much faster than normal heating from the sun's rays.
- At night, the blanket allows you to retain heat , serving as a cut-off layer from contact with cool outside air.
The disadvantage of a solar blanket is its dependence on weather conditions. If the sky is overcast, water heating stops.
Heater
The use of flow-through heaters allows you to obtain the desired water temperature. You can change the heating mode to achieve the most comfortable feeling. Typically, such heaters are built into a filtration system that operates on the principle of water circulation.
There are different designs:
- electrical;
- gas;
- operating on liquid or solid fuel.
All types differ in the source of thermal energy. They are used in the same way - connected to the circulation system (usually immediately after the filter). The water passes through the heat exchanger and is heated, after which it enters the pool bowl.
The process takes place continuously, but it can be regulated or stopped temporarily.
Heat pump
The design of the heat pump is based on the operating principle of a refrigerator, but another arm is used for heating - a capacitor is used as a heater. The transition of the coolant from a gaseous to a liquid state is accompanied by the release of thermal energy , which is used to heat the water.
To organize the process, it is necessary to create high pressure and cool the freon pumped into the system. The pressure is increased using a compressor, and the cooling element is water from the pool. It circulates through the condensation chamber and heats up, after which it is discharged back into the pool.
To organize heating, it is necessary to connect the condensation chamber of the pump to the water circulation system.
The best option is serial connection after the filter . Water will pass through the chamber and receive thermal energy, cooling the freon.
The process can be regulated, although in practice, maximum efficiency of the complex is most often required.
It must be taken into account that this heating method does not give quick results - it will take 9 hours to raise the water temperature in a pool with a diameter of 4.57 m by 5°.
A heat pump is a rather expensive device, and for its operation it will require a connection to the power supply and connection to the circulation system.
Heating mat
This method is one of the options for heating water using solar energy. A black rubber mat is used with a hose fused inside , bent in the shape of a spiral or zigzag.
This allows you to increase its length so that the water has time to heat up during its passage. The mat is connected to the filtration system, water is passed through to fill the mat, and they wait for a while.
When it heats up, they start circulation and gradually raise the temperature of the water.
For large pools, several of these mats can be connected in parallel.
Shelters
This method is, rather, a way to protect water from loss of thermal energy. The temperature does not increase, but its cooling slows down. For protection, a special cloth is used, similar to a solar blanket.
It is placed on the surface of the water and cuts it off from the cold air. In the morning, remove the sheet and use the pool as usual.
Firewood
A flow-through heater, which is a firebox with a coil built into it . It is connected to the filtration system.
Firewood is loaded into the firebox and set on fire, and the filtration system is started at a certain speed.
During circulation, the water heats up and flows back into the pool. This method is quite effective , but requires the use of fire, which poses a certain danger.
Kettle
This method is only suitable for small pools. Take an ordinary kettle, fill it with water, which is brought to the highest possible temperature. It is poured into a bowl, and the procedure is repeated until the desired result is obtained.
Care must be taken not to pour boiling water onto the film. In addition, there should be no people in the pool during the procedure.
Snail from a hose
This method of solar heating is almost the same as using a mat. There are ready-made designs, but more often they make homemade heaters . Take a rubber (or PE) hose of sufficient length. The darker it is, the better.
Roll it into a spiral or lay it in a zigzag so that the walls of the hose fit more tightly to each other. This allows you to more efficiently absorb solar heat. The hose is connected to the filtration system and turned on. Heated water begins to flow into the pool, and cool water leaves it and enters the warm hose.
Heat losses of the object
To choose the right heat pump by power, you need to determine the heat losses of the pool in which the device will be installed.
In the case of a swimming pool, consider:
- the place where the pool is located;
- availability and degree of reliability of the pool;
- volume of the bathing bowl;
- initial water temperature;
- optimal water temperature for swimming;
- the presence of additional factors influencing changes in water temperature: heating the air in an indoor building, air conditioning, etc.
To calculate the heat losses of a structure, some experts recommend using the methodology set out in DBN V.2.5-67: 2013. The pump power should be 30% greater than the heat losses of the pool.
This diagram allows you to get an idea of the possible heat losses in the pool depending on the influence of external factors. The smaller these losses, the more efficient the heat pump will operate.
These calculations are quite specific; it is better to entrust them to a specialist. Useful recommendations can be obtained from experienced specialists who manufacture or sell heat pumps. When choosing a heat pump, information about the power of the device’s heat exchanger will also be useful.
When choosing an air source heat pump for heating pool water, you should take into account a number of factors that affect the degree of heat loss of the building, for example, the presence or absence of a cover
This indicator reflects the consumption of thermal energy to heat water in the pool over a certain period of time.
In simplified form, the formula might look like:
P = 1.16 X ΔT/t X V (kW)
Where:
- 1.16 – correction factor for heat losses;
- ΔT – the number of degrees separating the initial and final water temperature in the pool, ºС;
- t – operating time of the device until the required water temperature is reached, hour;
- V – volume of the bathing bowl, cubic meters. m.
Of course, this formula does not take into account a number of factors such as the influence of heating in the indoor pool, the presence of air conditioning, the presence of insulation, etc.
But when choosing a suitable heat pump model, such a calculation can be very useful. During the calculations, it is useful to take into account that the optimal air temperature for an indoor pool is 28 degrees, and the water temperature is 24 degrees.
How to make heating with your own hands?
For DIY, it is best to use one of the most efficient and economical designs - a wood-burning stove with a coil. Let's consider the procedure for assembling the heating system:
Tools and materials
For assembly you will need:
- Sheet steel. You will need stainless steel with a thickness of 2 mm (for the firebox it is better to find sheets from 4 mm).
- Metal pipe. Stainless steel is optimal, but you can use a copper tube.
- Grinder with cutting wheel.
- Welding inverter with electrodes.
- Pipe bender
- Measuring tools - ruler, tape measure, square.
- Welder suit, eye, face and hand protection.
Only the required minimum is listed; depending on the complexity of the design, other tools may be needed.
Manufacturing process
The oven is assembled in stages:
Making a coil. You can make a flat version by welding the pipe with a “snake”, or make a figure in the form of a spatial spiral (spring). To do this, use a pipe bender, grinder, or welding inverter.
- Manufacturing of body walls. Using a pre-prepared development, the walls are cut out and welded in the required order.
- Installation of the coil inside the housing , connecting the inlet and outlet pipes.
- Installation of door and chimney . It is recommended to make the pipe high enough so that sparks from it cannot cause harm.
After completing the assembly, check the coil for leaks, connect the furnace to the filtration system and do a test run of the heating system.
Basic rules for installing a solar battery:
— It is best to place the collector panels exactly to the south; they can be shifted no more than 45 ° from the south side; — most often, solar panels are installed on the roof of houses, and for such a device to work effectively, it needs to be constantly exposed to sunlight for 5-6 hours. You can install such a device on the ground or some kind of support, but at the same time maintain a certain angle; — the slope of the solar battery may differ depending on the area in which the device will be located, so it is better to ask a consultant about this when purchasing the product or read it in the instructions; — if you can place the solar battery only on the eastern or western part of the roof of the house, then collectors with an expanded area are used.
Effective thermal insulation to retain heat
Thermal insulation of a pool is a layer of backing that cuts off the contact of the film with cold concrete or soil. Different materials are used, from ordinary polystyrene foam or more reliable penoplex to liquid polyurethane foam.
It is a liquid that is applied by spraying. In air, the composition foams and hardens, forming a continuous hard layer of insulation. The procedure is quite complicated and requires the use of special equipment. However, the result gives maximum effect.
Such thermal insulation can last 50 years or more.
Heating design for a private pool
Methods for heating a private pool are selected at the design stage of the structure. According to SNiP 2.08.02-89, the air temperature should be 1-2º C higher than the water temperature. For indoor pools it varies between 26 - 29ºС. If the pool is intended for SPA treatments, bathing children under 10 years old, then the correct temperature in the pool is:
- water up to 32º C;
- air – up to 34ºС.
Heating of the pool room maintains the set temperature at any time of the year.
Criteria for selecting water heating devices
When choosing a device for heating water in a tank, you need to pay attention to the following factors:
- Pool type. If we compare 2 pools of the same volume, then an open-type pool will require equipment of greater power than an indoor one, since the process of cooling the water in the fresh air occurs much faster.
- Pool volume. For a small-volume tank, a low-power device with an average heating rate is quite sufficient, and for a large-volume one, exactly the opposite is true.
- Warm-up speed. More powerful devices have a high heating rate, but their cost is also an order of magnitude higher than any low-power devices.
- Operational period. When using a pool in the winter season, equipment with a high degree of heat transfer is suitable. At the same time, in the summer, especially hot and dry weather, a medium-power device is quite suitable.
Thus, the advisability of purchasing a specific water heating device depends on the specific type of pool and the technical characteristics of the equipment itself.
Methods for preventing heat loss
Choosing the most powerful heating system will not be effective enough if you do not prevent heat losses resulting from:
- natural convention;
- water evaporation;
- primary heating of water;
- splashing water while swimming, etc.
To prevent most of the heat losses, a polymer coating or special blinds are quite suitable, allowing you to save 50-80% of thermal energy. At the same time, in the summer it is better to use transparent coatings that transmit ultraviolet rays, thereby promoting additional heating of the water, and in the winter months the best option is a thermal insulation blanket.
In addition to preserving heat, the covering prevents the accumulation of various types of debris in the water, a high concentration of which leads to a change of water and the cost of heating it to a minimum comfortable level.
Thus, modern equipment for heating water is presented in a fairly wide range, so it is necessary to choose it based on the features and characteristics of a particular pool, as well as financial capabilities. At the same time, you can try to heat the pool yourself, thereby saving a decent amount.
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