It's no secret that the drinking regime in the bathhouse is very important, and it must be maintained whenever you visit this establishment. Moreover, it is better to drink both before and during the bath. It is also recommended to drink after the bath. But despite this, drinking too much is also not recommended. Dehydration is a serious thing, so you shouldn’t neglect the right drinks. During a person’s stay in the steam room, metabolic processes are activated - the body is affected by high temperature, and activation is a consequence of this process. Severe sweating begins, and along with the sweat glands, toxins and other substances unnecessary for the body come out. Sweat is also a liquid, and its deficiency must be replenished in a timely manner. It is impossible to say exactly how much sweat the human body is capable of producing - there is no norm, since everything here is individual and depends on the physiology of each person, as well as on the time spent in the steam room, on the temperature prevailing in the vastness of the steam room. There are many factors.
Many people know that the best drink for a steam room is tea. But what type of tea will be optimal to consume in a hot zone, not only to quench thirst, but also to enhance the healing effect.
What tea is better to drink in a bathhouse?
Interesting research was carried out at the Scientific Institute of Medicinal Plants. In the 80s of the last century, scientists proved that drinking herbal tea after a steam room improves digestion, the functioning of the cardiovascular system and improves mood. How and what to drink in the bath and sauna? Here is a list of some plants from which it is recommended to prepare healthy, refreshing tea:
- Pharmaceutical camomile.
- Coltsfoot.
- Corn silk.
- Hawthorn.
- Dog-rose fruit.
- Eucalyptus leaves.
- St. John's wort.
- Valerian roots.
- Peppermint.
- Oregano.
Each drink has its own preparation characteristics. For example, green tea should not be brewed with boiling water, but with water heated to 80-90 degrees. It is better to prepare some drinks (from mint, thyme or currant fruits) in advance, pour them into a thermos and take them with you ready-made. Below you can read recipes for some of them with detailed cooking instructions.
What should you not drink in the bath? Doctors do not recommend drinking alcoholic drinks after a steam room, as they negatively affect the functioning of the heart. In addition, you need to remember that some herbs and fruits can cause an allergic reaction.
The benefits of tea in the bath
An ideal drink that will not only quench thirst, but also have a positive effect on the human body is tea in a bathhouse. It is best to use herbal infusion or green tea. It is very useful when tea is drunk after a bath in a special relaxation room. You can also serve sweet rolls or cheesecakes, honey and jam with tea.
During the time that a person spends in the bathhouse, he should drink at least several glasses of tea. To make the tea more aromatic and healthier, you can add black currant, raspberry or strawberry leaves to it. Dry raspberry branches or linden blossom will help increase sweating. Among other things, this drink is extremely useful for those who have a slight cold.
Sometimes after a steam room a person may feel very thirsty. In this case, after 2-3 hours you need to drink one cup of tea with a slice of lemon. Herbal tea in a bathhouse is very good for health, as it is a kind of multivitamin complex that has a positive effect on the entire body.
Green tea with rosehip
This drink contains many beneficial substances that help strengthen the immune system. You can drink it at any time of the year, but this tea is especially good in winter, when it is so easy to catch the flu virus or ARVI.
Ingredients:
- A tablespoon of rose hips.
- Two spoons of green tea.
- Sugar - to taste.
How to cook:
- Crush the rosehip, and then put it in a thermos and pour boiling water over it.
- Separately brew green tea. A ceramic or porcelain teapot is perfect for this purpose.
All you have to do is mix the drinks in the mug. Choose the proportions yourself, focusing on your own taste.
Green tea with honey and lemon
Going to the bathhouse has long become a tradition for many people. What tea is best to take to the sauna? We offer you a classic drink recipe that will appeal to children and adults.
Ingredients:
- Large leaf green tea - four teaspoons.
- Honey - four small spoons.
- One slice each of lemon and orange.
- Spices (cloves, cinnamon) - to taste.
The recipe for delicious tea is very simple:
- Crush a piece of cinnamon stick and two dry clove buds in a mortar. After this, send the spices along with the tea into a tall mug and pour boiling water over them.
- Cover the container with a lid or saucer and let the drink brew for five minutes.
- When the tea leaves sink to the bottom, strain the liquid and pour it into a mug. Add one slice of orange and lemon to the tea.
Place the honey on a separate saucer and serve it with tea.
Tea "Festive"
After visiting the steam room, increased sweating always occurs. Along with the fluid, waste and toxins leave the body. However, staying in a steam room for a long time can be harmful to your health. Therefore, it is so important to maintain a drinking regime and protect yourself from negative consequences.
The original drink, the recipe for which we will describe below, consists of various herbs and fruits. The pleasant taste will lift your spirits and help strengthen your immune system.
Compound:
- One tablespoon of sea buckthorn.
- Four tablespoons of peeled rosehip seeds.
- One spoon of dry apples.
- Three spoons of fresh viburnum berries.
- Five partitions of walnuts.
- One sprig of lemon balm.
How to cook:
- Place the ingredients in a suitable container, pour boiling water over them and cover with a lid.
- After an hour, strain the liquid through a sieve.
This drink is very healthy and will perfectly refresh you after visiting the steam room.
Tea "Vitamin"
Since ancient times, people have turned to nature to get rid of various ailments and diseases. This is why herbal teas are so popular today. What is better to drink in the bath? We recommend trying a delicious drink that will not only help quench your thirst, but also give you a boost of energy.
Compound:
- One lemon.
- Ginger root (about 5 centimeters).
- Four glasses of water.
- Honey to taste.
How to cook:
- Pour water into a small saucepan and bring it to a boil.
- Cut the lemon and ginger into thin rings. As soon as the liquid boils, add the prepared products to it.
- Reduce heat and simmer the drink for 20 minutes.
Pour the finished tea into a thermos and take it with you to the bathhouse. Serve honey separately so that this valuable product does not lose its beneficial qualities due to heating.
My bathhouse
To produce bath brooms, not only tree branches are used. Various herbs also provide benefits. And therefore our ancestors also used them for such useful work.
Today we will talk about a broom made from fireweed. This plant is also known under the names “fireweed”, “Kapori tea”, “skripun”, etc. Ivan tea is a perennial. It can reach two meters or more in height.
Ivan tea is actively used in folk medicine. It is credited with anticonvulsant, sedative, hemostatic, enveloping, emollient, antipyretic, wound-healing, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In terms of its calming properties, it is only slightly inferior to the famous valerian. This variety of properties of the plant is explained by its rich chemical composition. Ivan tea is rich in tannins, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, alkaloids, sugar, minerals, pectin, and mucus. According to herbalists, fireweed tea contains even more tannins than oak leaves.
Ivan tea is used to treat syphilis, gonorrhea, smallpox, anemia, insomnia, arthralgia, colitis, various colics, headaches, peptic ulcers and duodenal diseases, gastritis, otitis, acute respiratory infections, avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis, stomatitis, gingivitis, sore throat. If you regularly take a decoction or infusion of fireweed tea, you can get rid of excess cholesterol. And this will help prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke or heart attack. Therefore, the systematic use of a broom of fireweed will not only weaken this or that disease, but also get rid of it forever. That's why connoisseurs of Russian baths love this broom and recommend it to amateurs.
And now tips on preparing a broom from fireweed, its storage and use.
Brooms are prepared from fireweed tea during the flowering period of the plant. It falls in July-August. It is during this period that the maximum amount of useful substances is collected in the plant. For the broom, stems are taken from the middle part.
The harvested stems are dried in the shade, in a well-ventilated cool place. The plant dries quickly. The stems should be turned over occasionally. As soon as the stems are slightly dry, they can be tied into brooms. There is no need to tie them tightly at first. This is done after the stems are completely dry.
In a bathhouse, you don’t need much time to steam a broom of fireweed tea - just leave them in boiling water for a quarter of an hour. At the end of the bath procedures, the broom should be rinsed and hung to dry. One broom is enough for several trips to the bathhouse.
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Green tea with orange
What is better to drink while in the bath? If you have a cold and decide to warm up in the steam room, then take warming tea with orange and ginger with you. The wonderful taste of this drink can be enhanced by adding aromatic cinnamon.
Required products:
- Green tea – 10 grams.
- One orange.
- Ginger - to taste.
Cooking method:
- Peel the ginger and cut into small pieces.
- Wash the orange and cut into rings. After this, cut the blanks into four more parts.
- Scald the teapot with boiling water, put the prepared ingredients and dry green tea into it.
- Pour hot water over the food, then cover it with a lid and wrap it in a towel.
In a quarter of an hour, the tasty and healthy drink will be ready for consumption.
Green tea "Latte"
What drink is better to drink after a bath if you want to not only quench your thirst, but also refresh yourself? We invite you to try the original tea, which is prepared from the following products:
- Skim milk – 180 ml.
- Green tea granules - one teaspoon.
- Water – one tablespoon.
- Cream - two tablespoons.
- Ice - to taste.
Read the milk tea recipe below:
- Place tea in a shaker and fill it with water.
- When the granules are completely dissolved, add ice to them (the cubes can be crushed in advance).
- Pour the milk and cream into the shaker and then shake the drink.
Pour the unusual tea into glasses and add straws.
We drink tea in the bathhouse wisely
Between each visit to the steam room, you can drink infusions to dispel sweat. In this case, linden or raspberry infusion is good. An excellent solution would also be to drink a drink based on green tea with the addition of St. John's wort, linden flowers, raspberry leaves and lingonberries. It is worth noting that as soon as you leave the steam room, the sweating process has not ended, it will continue for some time, so it is better to accompany it with drinking healthy teas - both green and black, infusions - tasty and the highest beneficial effect. In this case, the simplest drink is suitable - green tea, only warm, herbal infusions and kvass are also suitable. Even if the thirst is very strong after leaving the steam room, you should not drink immediately in one gulp or in large sips, it is better to abstain and drink in small sips. You can add a slice of lemon to green tea. The body needs to rest after a high temperature break, so it is better not to drink several mugs of tea at one time, and also not to load them with large volumes of liquid.
It is also worth knowing the symptoms of dehydration so that you can immediately begin to take action if they appear: headache, strange chills, increased fatigue, weakness. To eliminate the symptoms, you need to drink a lot so that all the symptoms disappear.
Mint tea is very suitable for drinking in the steam room. The recipe is simple and will not cause any complications: you will need 5 sprigs of mint, one tablespoon of sugar, two teaspoons of simple Chinese green tea. The secret of preparation is to steam the mint and tea separately - in this case the tea will be more aromatic and tasty. After brewing, the drinks just need to be mixed and enjoyed.
Brewed dried rose hips are good for eliminating thirst: for one liter of water you will need two tablespoons. l. sugar, 200 grams of rose hips, two tablespoons of black tea, and a little orange zest.
An infusion of lingonberries will do an excellent job of quenching thirst and restore drinking balance. After infusion, you can add honey according to your personal taste preferences and enjoy the aromatic, delicious infusion. During autumn and winter, an excellent solution would be to prepare a decoction of dried berries and leaves: it could be currants, rowan berries, raspberries - their fruits and leaves. This aromatic infusion is best drunk warm - this way it will better demonstrate its antioxidant properties and quench your thirst.
Tea for bath
Herbal tea for a bath is a real storehouse of vitamins and microelements. Traditional healers have passed down recipes for healthy drinks from generation to generation. To prepare this tonic drink you will need the following products:
- Mint.
- Melissa.
- Calendula.
The recipe for this aromatic drink is very simple. You just need to put herbs in a thermos (in equal proportions) and pour boiling water over them. Take aromatic tea into the bathhouse and pour it into cups using a strainer.
Herbal teas for baths
The most beneficial for a bath are herbal teas due to their huge content of vitamins and beneficial properties. It is better to collect raw materials for the drink yourself, of course, if you understand herbs and can distinguish useful from harmful. Among the most popular herbs are the following: strawberry leaves, strawberries, raspberries with and without fruits.
A delicious vitamin tea can be made from rosehip flowers and fruits. It is important to note here that people prone to blood clots should limit their intake of this drink. People with heart and vascular diseases should also take it with caution.
Herbal teas: benefits and harms
As usual, benefit and harm go hand in hand here. If we talk about the benefits of herbal drinks, then due to the content of flavonoids in them, heavy metal salts are removed from the body, the functioning of the heart and blood vessels is restored, and digestion is also improved.
In addition, such substances help strengthen capillaries and heal wounds. They have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral and other beneficial effects for the whole body.
This is what healthy herbal tea for a bath looks like
Also, herbal teas contain tannins, which have a beneficial effect on inflammation of various organs. They also help remove toxins and prevent cell destruction.
The benefits of herbal teas are due to the fact that they are rich in a large amount of vitamins and minerals. They also help prevent colds during the cold season and during exacerbations. In addition, the delicacy has a huge advantage over, for example, black tea, in that it does not contain caffeine, which is not at all needed for a bath.
As for the harm of the herbal drink, it is important to consider the following:
- Are there any allergic reactions to herbs? Allergy sufferers are not recommended to drink drinks with herbs to which a person may be allergic. Especially when visiting a bathhouse, it is not recommended to test your reactions, since by relaxing in the steam room you may miss the first symptoms of an allergy;
- The presence of diseases for which certain types of herbs are contraindicated. It is important to take only those herbs that will not aggravate your disease;
- Particularly toxic and poisonous herbs. They are used in small quantities for medicinal purposes. In this regard, such herbs are not suitable for a bath drink. It is recommended to consume them separately, brewing an individual portion for yourself, and in the bathhouse this drink can be tasted by everyone who visits it.
By following the rules for using the infusion, you will protect yourself, your family and loved ones from the harm of some herbal teas. Here you just need to carefully select the composition of herbs that can be consumed by everyone.
In order for a herbal drink to be beneficial, it must be prepared correctly. Herbal tea in the bath, the recipes of which may be different, always have similar preparation rules. The preparation method will depend on what exactly you are using: roots, fruits, leaves, stems or flowers. The rules for preparing a drink from different parts of the plant are as follows:
- Flower tea is brewed in a porcelain container. To do this, they need to be poured with boiling water and left for 15 minutes, under a warm shelter;
- The leaves are also poured with boiling water; additional boiling is not recommended, as the beneficial properties disappear;
- It is recommended to crush the fruits, especially if they are dried, or mash them well. Pour boiling water and leave for 15 minutes under a heating pad;
- Coarse parts of the grass: roots, stems, etc., need to be boiled for 10 minutes. Thus, you can “get” the maximum useful valuable properties from them. Then the drink is also infused under a heating pad for 15 minutes.
Diaphoretic herbs for baths
Ideal for making diaphoretic teas:
Raspberry and lemon balm tea
What can you drink after a bath if you want to cheer up and lift your spirits? Try making a flavorful drink from the following products:
- Fresh raspberries - two glasses.
- Sugar - one glass.
- Water – 11 glasses.
- One bunch of lemon balm.
- Five bags of your favorite green tea.
- Juice of one lemon.
Raspberries have been known since ancient times as an indispensable medicinal product. Dried fruits help reduce fever and are used as a diaphoretic. In our case, we will use it to prepare aromatic tea:
- First, make syrup from one glass of water and sugar. Place the above ingredients in a saucepan and place them over medium heat.
- As soon as the syrup begins to boil, add berries and lemon balm leaves (without branches) to it. Cook the food for ten minutes over low heat, then remove the saucepan from the stove and cool its contents.
- Steep the tea bags with the remaining water. When the drink is ready, combine it with raspberry syrup.
This tea can be drunk not only hot, but also chilled. If you choose the latter method, then cool the drink, mix it with lemon juice and let it brew in the refrigerator for at least two hours.
Bath tea: recipe
This drink is usually prepared from herbs and berries. A composition of different herbs is taken in the amount of 1 tbsp. for 1 tbsp. boiling water It is best to take the following types of herbs for cooking: strawberries, mint, oregano, knotweed, chamomile, calendula, rowan berries, raspberries, cherries and strawberries, rose hips, hawthorn or linden roses, as well as some others.
Rarely is 1 type of raw material used to make a drink; more often it is made up of 2-3 types.
Sometimes oats are added to the drink, as it has quite a number of properties, including excellent immunity and stamina.
Vitamin drink for the bath:
- Rosehip – 5 tbsp, pour a liter of ice water and bring to a boil. Cook on low heat for 10 minutes and remove from heat. It is advisable to mash the rose hips first;
- 1 tbsp. crushed currant leaves, pour ½ liter of boiling water and leave for half an hour;
- Prepare a mixture of strawberries and rose hips in a ratio of 2:1. 1 tbsp. pour boiling water (200 ml) over the raw materials. Leave under a heating pad for 10 minutes;
- Prepare a mixture of equal portions of St. John's wort, sage and chamomile leaves. Take tbsp. raw materials and pour boiling water into it, 1 cup. Leave for a quarter of an hour.
A bathhouse, tea made from natural herbs - what could be more beautiful and beneficial for health?
All of these teas can be supplemented with a little honey for taste. This will add beneficial properties to the tea. However, it is important to remember that honey is an allergen, so it can be consumed by those people who are not allergic to it. Also, in order not to lose the healing properties of honey, it should only be added to a warm drink, and not to a hot one.
Tea after the bath
What tea to drink after a bath? The question is quite interesting, the answer to it is as follows: drinks consumed immediately after a bath are aimed at calming, therefore the composition should only contain calming herbs, such as mint, oregano, chamomile and others.
After the bath, it is recommended to drink tea some time later. Tea after a bath: the recipe, which can be used differently in each case, should be consumed slowly, in small sips.
The recipes for this drink are as follows:
- Ch.l. chamomile flowers and 1 tbsp boiling water are placed in a container, left for half an hour, covered with a warm towel;
- Make a collection of equal portions of oregano, mint and St. John's wort. 1 tsp place the herbs in a bowl, pour in a glass of boiling water and let stand for a quarter of an hour;
- Linden inflorescences 1 tsp. place in a brewing container, pour 1 tbsp of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes.
All such teas are prepared almost the same way. However, the effect varies depending on the composition of the herbs.
Sea buckthorn tea
This delicious drink in Rus' was called the drink of longevity. It helps treat diseases of the nervous system, has an anti-inflammatory effect and helps get rid of skin diseases. To prepare it we will need:
- Sea buckthorn berries – 150 grams.
- Black tea - two tablespoons.
- Honey - two large spoons.
- Boiled water – 500 ml.
How to prepare healthy sea buckthorn tea:
- Sort and wash the berries. After this, take 100 grams of the product and grind it into a puree using a mortar.
- Place the processed and whole berries in a teapot, and then add two tablespoons of regular dry black tea.
- Pour in boiling water and let the drink brew for a quarter of an hour.
Strain the liquid, pour it into glasses and add honey for taste. Now your bath procedures will become much more enjoyable, and you will be able to enjoy them to the fullest.
Ginger tea with strawberries
There is still a debate among experts about what is better to drink in a bathhouse. It is believed that aromatic teas help not only to replenish fluid lost in the sauna, but also to tone the body. To make delicious tea, you will need:
- Fresh ginger (root) – eight centimeters.
- Black tea – five grams.
- One lemon.
- Frozen or fresh strawberries – 50 grams.
- Strawberry syrup – 120 ml.
Read the refreshing tea recipe below:
- Peel the ginger root and cut into thin slices.
- Brew dry tea in a liter of hot water and let it brew.
- Strain the liquid and combine with ginger.
- After ten minutes, put the berries in the tea and pour in a little lemon juice.
Place a few slices of lemon in cups and pour in two tablespoons of berry syrup. After this, you can pour infused tea into them.
Acacia tea
Bath tea recipes are very different and each of them has its own characteristics. This time we invite you to prepare an original drink from white acacia flowers.
Ingredients:
- Fresh flowers - four tablespoons.
- Water – 200 ml.
- Sugar and honey - one teaspoon.
How to make healthy tea:
- Collect half-opened flowers, rinse them under running water, and then brew them in boiling water.
- In a quarter of an hour, healthy tea will be ready.
Remember that honey can only be added to a cooled drink in order to preserve all the beneficial properties of the product.
General description of bath tea
Properly prepared herbal tea enhances its already healing effect. Without a doubt, this is facilitated by a visit to the steam room with hot steam, and various bath procedures, massage, and the atmosphere itself, which has a calming effect on the human nervous system. Therefore, every steam bath lover should know how to properly prepare at least several tea recipes for a bath.
Many people wonder which is healthier to drink tea: cold or hot. Oddly enough, iced tea cools the body much less than hot tea. After drinking a cold drink, a person will feel the cooling effect only in the oral cavity, while hot tea will cool the entire body. True, not for long - only 15-20 minutes. But in the bathhouse this time is enough to feel relief after visiting a hot steam room.
Of the many types of herbal, berry or fruit teas, each is good in its own way. Firstly, this is a matter of taste preferences, and secondly, a lot depends on the goals that a person wants to achieve. One person will benefit from mint tea, while another will benefit from linden tea. And the third one simply wants to improve his health. Therefore, you can always choose the most suitable tea for yourself - herbal, berry or fruit. Here are some tea recipes:
Ginger and mint tea
Some people think that it is better to drink classic tea in the bathhouse. However, we recommend that you try drinks with different flavors and choose the one you like best.
Ingredients of this tasty and healthy drink:
- One liter of water.
- A piece of ginger root.
- Seven dried rose hips.
- Half a teaspoon of dry mint.
- Sugar or honey to taste.
Read the tea recipe below:
- In a mortar, first grind the berries and then the mint.
- Peel the ginger root and cut it very thin.
- Place the prepared ingredients in a thermos and pour boiling water over them.
In an hour, the vitamin tea will be completely ready for use. The special conditions of a traditional Russian bath will enhance the beneficial effects of the drink on the body.
Medicinal teas
Before drinking medicinal tea in a bathhouse, you should definitely consult a doctor. Only after receiving the approval of a specialist can you consume this or that drink. During treatment with tea, you need to very carefully monitor the body’s reaction and your well-being.
You need to drink medicinal tea half an hour before meals. You can store the finished drink for several days in a cool place.
If you need to prepare medicinal tea for a bath at home, you should strictly follow the proportions indicated in the recipe. Also, you cannot change the technology for preparing this healthy drink.
If the technology is not described in the recipe, you can use the following advice. The crushed mixture of herbs is placed in an enamel bowl, which has previously been doused with boiling water. After this, pour hot water at least 90ºС. The next step is to place the container with the liquid in a water bath and cook for 15 minutes. After tea, steep for the time specified in the recipe.
Every person should remember that natural medicines can significantly improve the general condition of the body. But you need to drink medicinal and vitamin teas in a bathhouse correctly, in the exact dosage indicated. Medicinal herbs that are improperly prepared can be dangerous to humans.
Apple tea
What is better to drink in the bath? Instead of herbal tea, you can make a delicious drink from apples:
- Cut the peel from ripe fruits and dry it in the oven until brittle.
- Place five tablespoons of dry peel in a saucepan and fill it with a liter of cool water.
- Bring the liquid to a boil and then cook for five minutes.
- Pour the drink into a thermos and let it brew for ten minutes.
Remember that drinking liquid is very useful, but you should still know when to stop. Therefore, drink drinks in small sips and take breaks between tea drinks.
Vitamin teas
Another drink that is useful to drink in the bathhouse is vitamin tea. To prepare this amazing drink you will need field herbs and wild berries.
All ingredients have different colors, tastes and aroma. However, together they supply many substances beneficial to the body, such as organic acids, vitamins, enzymes and microelements. Biologically active substances are very useful for the body, as they not only treat many diseases, but also prevent their occurrence.
It is worth noting that the herbal collection does not contain harmful substances such as caffeine. Therefore, even the youngest children can safely drink vitamin tea in the bathhouse. This is its main difference from ordinary black tea, which contains tannin, caffeine and is contraindicated for children under 2 years of age.
It is very important to know how to properly prepare vitamin tea. It must be brewed with boiling water in a porcelain teapot. It must be remembered that if a vitamin drink is prepared from fresh berries, they should be crushed or crushed. The tea should be steeped for at least 5 minutes.
If vitamin tea is prepared from the stems, roots and rough parts of medicinal plants, they must be finely chopped. After this, the dry mixture should be placed in an enamel bowl and brought to a boil. Boil the drink for 10 minutes over low heat. Then let the tea brew for 10-15 minutes.
Vitamin tea is not only a very healthy drink, it also has a special, unforgettable taste and aroma.
Reviews
Russian bath lovers rarely perform all the necessary procedures in a hurry. They devote a special place to rest, during which they try to consume as much liquid as possible. They claim that it is the bathhouse that allows one to reveal the unique aroma and taste of medicinal plants.
Someone goes here with a thermos containing a pre-prepared drink. Others prefer to drink freshly brewed tea, which is prepared in the relaxation room. However, all experts believe that it is necessary to stop drinking alcohol before, during, and even after visiting the steam room.